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Czech
uses personal pronouns less often than some other languages, including
English, French, or German, because pronouns are not required to determine
the gender in the sentence. The Czech language uses other means to do
that, like endings, prefixes, and other modifications of the verb that
is used in the sentence - see overview). Personal
pronouns are often used for emphasis (e.g. "Napsal jsem to já,
ne ty" - "I wrote
that, not you").
já - I
ty - you
on - he (person/animal/object in masculine gender)
"Pavel/On
je doma" - "Paul/He is at home"
"Pes/On
je venku" - "The dog/It is outside"
"Hrad/On
stojí na kopci" - "The castle/It stands on a hill"
ona - she (person/animal/object in feminine gender)
"Monika/Ona
je hezká" - "Monica/She is pretty"
"Kráva/Ona
se pase" - "The cow/It is grazing"
"Zahrada/Ona
je za domem" - "The garden/It is behind the house"
ono - it (person/animal/object in neuter gender)
"Dítě/Ono
si hraje" - "The child/He/She is playing" (plural
is "ony", not "ona"!)
"Kotě/Ono
si hraje" - "The kitten/It is playing"
"Auto/Ono
je bílé." - "The car/It is white"
my - we
vy - you
oni - they (persons/animals/objects in masculine gender)
"Chlapci
jsou doma" - "The boys/They are at home"
"Psi/Oni
jsou venku" - "The dogs/They are outside"
"Hrady/Oni
stojí na kopcích" - "The castles/They stand on hills"
ony - they (persons/animals/objects in feminine gender)
"Dívky/Ony
jsou doma" - "The girls/They are at home"
"Krávy/Ony
se pasou" - "The cows/They are grazing"
"Knihy/Ony
jsou staré" - "The books/They are old"
ona - they (persons/animals/objects in neuter gender)
"Koťata/Ona
si hrají" - "The kittens/They are playing"
"Auta/Ona
jsou bílá" - "The cars/They are white"
Czech uses demonstrative pronouns to emphasize
or point out the particular noun (much like the English "this", "that", "these",
"those", but also the definite article "the"). The
form of the Czech pronouns changes with grammatical cases.
masculine: "ten" - the/that, "tento" -
this
e.g. "ten hrad" - "the/that castle", "tento
hrad" - "this castle"
feminine: "ta" - the/that, "tato" - this
e.g. "ta kniha" - "the/that book", "tato kniha"
- "this book"
neuter: "to" - the/that, "toto" - this
e.g. "to auto" - "the/that car", "toto auto"
- "this car"
masculine: "ti/ty" - the, those, "tito/tyto" -
these
e.g. "ti psi" - "the/those dogs", "ty hrady"
- "the/those castles"
"tito psi" - "these dogs", "tyto hrady"
- "these castles"
feminine: "ty" - the/those, "tyto" - these
e.g. "ty knihy" - "the/those books", "tyto
knihy" - "these books"
neuter: "ta" - the/those, "tato" - these
"ta auta" - "the/those cars", "tato auta"
- "these cars"
Possessive pronouns express the possession
of a particular object (the English "my", "mine", "your", "yours",
etc.).
"můj" (for masculine nouns), "moje" (for
feminine and neuter nouns) - my, mine
e.g. "můj pes" - "my dog",
"moje kniha/auto" - "my book/car"
"Tento
pes je můj." - "This dog is mine."
"Ta
kniha je moje." - "The/That book is mine."
"Toto
auto je moje." - "This car is mine."
"tvůj" (for masculine nouns), "tvoje" (for feminine
and neuter nouns) - your, yours (belonging to one person)
examples - same as "můj"
"jeho" - his
e.g. "jeho pes/kniha/auto" - "his
dog/book/car"
"její" - her, hers
e.g. "její pes/kniha/auto" - "her
dog/book/car"
"Ten
pes je její." - "The/That dog is hers."
"Tato
kniha je její." - "This book is hers."
"jeho" - its
e.g. "jeho poloha" - "its location"
"náš" (for masculine nouns), "naše" (for
feminine and neuter nouns) - our, ours
examples - same as "můj"
"váš" (for masculine nouns), "vaše" (for feminine
and neuter nouns) - your, yours (belonging to more than one person)
examples - same as "můj"
"jejich" - their, theirs
e.g. "jejich pes/kniha/auto" - "their
dog/book/car"
"Ten
pes je jejich." - "The/That dog is theirs."
"Tato
kniha je jejich." - "This book is theirs."
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